In today's machining field, CNC lathes have been widely used in various fields. The use of numerical control lathes can avoid the problems of insufficient structural rigidity, poor seismic resistance, and large friction resistance of the sliding surfaces. And it is of great help to improve turning efficiency and reduce costs.

There are many kinds of CNC lathes, but they are generally composed of three parts: lathe body, CNC device, and servo system.

Lathe body

1. Spindle and headstock

The rotation accuracy of the spindle of a CNC lathe has a great impact on the accuracy of the machined parts, and its power and rotation speed also have a certain impact on the machining efficiency. If the spindle box of a CNC lathe is a CNC lathe with the level of automatic speed regulation function, the transmission structure of its spindle box has been simplified. For the reformed CNC lathes with dual functions of manual operation and automatic control processing, the original headstock is still being retained.

2. Guide rail

The guide rail of the CNC lathe provides a guarantee for feed movement. To a large extent, it will have a certain impact on the rigidity, accuracy, and stability of low-speed feeding of the lathe, which is also one of the important factors affecting the quality of parts processing. In addition to some CNC lathes using the traditional sliding guide rail, the finalized CNC lathes have adopted more plastic guide rail.

3. Mechanical transmission mechanism

In addition to some gear transmission mechanisms in the spindle box, the CNC lathe has made some simplifications based on the original ordinary lathe transmission chain. The change gearbox, feed box, slide box, and most of their transmission mechanisms are canceled, but only the longitudinal and transverse screw transmission mechanisms are retained, and a gear pair (not added for a few lathes) is added between the driving motor and the lead screw to eliminate its side clearance.

Numerical control device

In the field of numerical control machine tools, the numerical control device is the core of the machine tools. It mainly receives the numerical control processing program sent by the input device from the internal memory, compiles the circuit or software of the numerical control device, and outputs control information and instructions after calculation and processing to control the work of each part of the machine tools so that they can move orderly.

Servo system

The servo system includes two aspects: one is the servo unit, and the other is the driving device.

Servo unit is the link between CNC and lathe. It can amplify the weak signal in the CNC device to form the signal of a high-power driving device. The servo unit can be divided into pulse type and analog-type according to different received commands.

The drive decoration is to program the CNC signal expanded by the servo unit into mechanical motion, drive the lathe through simple connecting parts, make the workbench accurately locate the relative motion of the track, and finally process the required products according to the requirements.

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